SİBER VE DİJİTAL KRİMİNOLOJİ ALANINDA ETİK ADALET ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNMEK
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Uluslararası Hukuk- Siber ve dijital adli soruşturmalar- etik- hukuk felsefesi ve sosyolojisiÖzet
Dijital Adli Tıp soruşturmaları, kanıt toplamak için siber ve dijital ortamları araştırmaya yönelik bilimsel ve yasal süreci işaret eden bir kavramdır. Dolayısıyla hukuk biliminin ve adalet ilkelerinin teorisi ve felsefesinin dikkate alınması önemlidir. Dijital kanıtların mahkemede yasal olarak kabul edilebilir olması için kanıtların gerçek, doğru, eksiksiz ve jüri için ikna edici olması gerektiği en temel kabuldür. Yetersiz gözetim zinciri, yasal prosedürlerin uygulanmaması ve yetersiz delil bütünlüğü gibi faktörler mahkemede dijital adli kanıt sunmanın kabul edilemez olduğu durumlardır.
Bunun yanında siber destekli suçlar artıyor ve kolluk kuvvetleri, inceleme ve tespit faaliyetlerinin çoğunu dijital alana genişletmek zorunda kaldı. Suçluların kovuşturulmasını sağlamak için kullanılabilecek daha fazla kanıt ortaya çıkarılabiliyor olması nedeni ile dijital adli alan yıllar içinde çok daha karmaşık hale geldi. Hükümetler de şüpheli kişileri takip etmeye yönelik bu dijital kanıtları benimsemiş durumdalar. Bu nedenle adli tıp müfettişleri, bir mahkumiyet sözkonusu olduğunda kolluk kuvvetlerine yeterli kanıt sağlamak için baskı altında olduklarından, kapsamlı bir şekilde veri toplamaya yönlendirilmiş durumdalar. Bu bakımdan soruşturmaların etiği ve adaleti hakkında uluslararası alanda çeşitli endişeler var. Etik temelli dijital adli tekniklerle ilgili tartışmalar uluslararası hukuk merkezlidir ve kavramların daha ziyade uluslararası geçerliliği ve uygulanabilirliği vardır. Kısıtlamasız soruşturmalarda, soruşturulanların yasal mahremiyet hakları dijital kanıt toplama ve soruşturmaları sırasında kolayca ihlal edilebilir. Toplumsal düzeyde, böylesi bir uygulama
adaletsizlik duygusuna neden olacaktır. Bu sunumun odak noktası, dijital adli araştırmaların süreci değil, bunların adaletsiz olarak algılanma potansiyelleri konu edilmektedir. Bu nedenle dijital adli soruşturmalara etik temelli, bireylerin mahremiyet haklarına saygılı ve aynı zamanda kolluk kuvvetlerinin ihtiyaçlarını kabul eden bir yaklaşım gerektiğine dair tartışmalar ortaya konulmaktadır.
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