The Evolution of NATO's Cybersecurity Policy
Anahtar Kelimeler:
NATO- Cybersecurity- Cooperation- cyber defense- StrategyÖzet
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) strives to adapt to new security risks, politically, strategically, and technologically to changing conditions. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was a major threat. Recently, NATO has started to expand into new regions outside of the area with new security problems and has started to focus on cyberspace which differs from traditional military defense understanding. In this framework, since 2016, it has
been successfully managing cyberspace threats by accepting cybersecurity as a battlefield. NATO is moving towards a broader understanding of cyberspace as a very high-tech field.
This study focuses on the developments in the alliance in line with NATO's cybersecurity policies. In this context, it examines the alliance’s institutions and initiatives and points to the cyber challenges facing NATO in cyberspace. In this study, the development of NATO's cybersecurity policy, its understanding in cyber defense, and the recent transformation of NATO's cybersecurity strategy are evaluated.
Referanslar
Bıçakcı, S. (2014). “NATO’nun Gelişen Tehdit Algısı: 21. Yüzyılda Siber Güvenlik”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 10(40) pp. 119-122.
Bıçakcı, S. (2019). “Siber Güvenlik ve Savunma”, Güvenlik Yazıları Serisi, No.42, https://trguvenlikportali.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/11/SiberGuvenlik_SalihBicakci_v.1.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 12.06.2022).
Bıçakcı, S. (2012). “Yeni Savaş ve Siber Güvenlik Arasında NATO’nun Yeniden Doğuşu” Uluslararası İlişkiler, 9 (34). pp. 205-226.
Brent, L. (2019). “NATO’s Role in Cyber space”, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2019/02/12/natos-role-in-cyber space/index.html, (Erişim: 12.06.2022).
Burton, J. (2015). “NATO’s Cyber Defence: Strategic Challenges And Institutional Adaptation”, Defence Studies, 15 (4). pp. 297-319.
CCDCOE, (2011). Defending the networks The NATO Policy on Cyber Defence. https://www.ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/NATO-110608-CyberdefencePolicyExecSummary.pdf (Erişim: 01.06.2022).
CyCon, (2022). International Conference on Cyber Conflict – CyCon https://ccdcoe.org/cycon/ (Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2022).
Davis, S. (2019). “NATO in the Cyber Age: Strengthening Security & Defence, Stabilising Deterrence”, NATO Parliamentary Assembly, https://www.nato-pa.int/document/2019-nato-cyber-age-strenghtening-security-and-defence-stabilising-deterrence, (Erişim: 13.06.2022).
Estonia Defence Forces, (2022). NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. https://mil.ee/en/landforces/ccdcoe/ (Erişim 01.06.2022).
European Commission, (2015). “The European Agenda on Security”, Communicatıon From The Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic And Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM (2015) 185 final, Strazburg.
Fidler, D. P. (2013). Pregent, Richard; and Vandurme, Alex, "NATO, Cyber Defense, and International Law” Articles by Maurer Faculty. 1672. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/1672 (Erişim: 02.06.2022).
Geers, K. (2015). Cyber War ın Perspective: Russian Aggression Against Ukraine, NATO CCD COE Publications, Tallinn.
Goździewicz, W. (2016). “From Riga to Wales. NATO’s Road to Collective Cyberdefence”, NATO Road to Cybersecurity, (ed). Joanna Świątkowska, The Kosciuszko Institute, Krakow.
Healey H. J. and Leendert van Bochoven, (2012). “NATO's Cyber Capabilities: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow”, The Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022712_ACUS_NATOSmarter_IBM.pdf, (Erişim: 01.06.2022).
Karataş, I. (2021). Cyber Warfare and NATO's New Security Concept: Smart Defense. In C. Christensen, & V. Maisaia (Eds.), NATO and the Future of European and Asian Security (pp. 273-285). IGI Global. (Erişim: 02.06.2022).
Kovács, L. (2018). “Cybersecurity Polcy and Strategy In The European Union and NATO”, Land Forces Academy Review, 23 (1).
Lakomy, M. (2016). “Conditions to Invoke the Principle of Article 5 of The North Atlantic Treaty in Case of a Cyberattack or a Cyber Conflict”, NATO Road to Cybersecurity, (ed). Joanna Świątkowska, The Kosciuszko Institute, Krakow.
McNamara S. (2020). “NATO Summit 2010: Time to Turn Words Into Action”, The Heritage Foundation, 2498, https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/report/nato-summit-2010-time-turn-words-action, (Erişim: 02.06.2022)
NATO (2002). The Prague Summit and NATO’s Transformation, A Reader’s Guide, NATO Public Diplomacy Division, https://www.nato.int/docu/rdr-gde-prg/rdr-gde-prg-eng.pdf (Erişim: 10.06.2022).
NATO (2003). NATO, Signing Ceremony to Initiate a Study on NATO Network Enabled Capability (NNEC), https://www.nato.int/cps/us/natohq/news_20084.htm?selectedLocale=en (Erişim:23.06.2022)
NATO (2008). Bucharest Summit Declaration, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8443.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 11.06.2022)
NATO (2009). Strasbourg / Kehl Summit Declaration, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_52837.htm (Erişim: 02.05.2021).
NATO (2010a). Strategic Concept 2010, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_ 82705.htm, (Erişim: 02.06.2022).
NATO (2010b). Lisbon Summit Declaration, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_68828.htm, (Erişim: 03.06.2022).
NATO (2016a), Cyber Defence Pledge, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133177.htm?selectedLocale=en, (Erişim: 06.06.2022).
NATO (2020a). Statement by the North Atlantic Council concerning malicious cyber activities, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_176136.htm?selectedLocale=en (Erişim: 14.06.2022).
NATO (2022a). Cyber Defence, https://www.nato.int/cps/uk/natohq/topics_78170.htm? selectedLocale=en, (Erişim: 01.06.2022).
NATO. (2016a). “NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCI Agency).” www.nato.int/cps/fr/natohq/topics_69332.htm?selectedLocale=en (Erişim: 05.06.2022).
NATO, (2016b). Warsaw Summit Communiqué, (29.03.2017), https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133169.htm, (Erişim: 09.06.2022).
NATO, (2016c). NATO and the European Union enhance cyber defence cooperation https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_127836.htm (Erişim: 08.06.2022).
NATO, (2016d). NATO and EU press ahead with cooperation on cyber defence. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_138122.htm (Erişim: 08.06.2022).
NATO, (2016e). Joint declaration by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133163.htm, (Erişim: 13. 06.2020).
NATO, (2018). Brussels Summit Declaration, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_156624.htm , (Erişim: 12.06.2022).
NATO, (2006). Riga Summit Declaration, https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2006/p06-150e.htm , (Erişim: 23.06.2022).
NCIA, (2022). NATO Communications and Information Agency https://www.ncia.nato.int/index.html (Erişim: 11.06.2022).
NATO, (2022). NATO 2022 Strategic Concept, https://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/ (Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2022).
Pernik, P. (2014). Improving Cybersecurity: NATO and the EU. International Centre for Defence Studies, Tallinn.
Rasmussen, A. F. (2014). “Press Conference following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council at the level of Heads of State and Government during the NATO Wales Summit”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_112871.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 05.06.2022).
Schmitt, M. (2013). The Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Szőke D. (2019). “NATO’s Evolving Approach to Cybersecurity”, Foreign Policy Review, 12.
Tikk, E. (2011). Comprehensive legal approach to cybersecurity, Tartu: Tartu University Presss
Tikk, E. Kadri Kaska and Liis Vihul, (2010). International Cyber Incidents: Legal Considerations, NATO CCDCOE Publication, Tallinn.
Verton, D. (1999).“Serbs launch cyberattack on NATO”, https://fcw.com/1999/04/serbs-launch-cyberattack-on-nato/195288/ (Erişim tarihi:11.06.2022);
Yayla, M. (2013). Uluslararası Hukukta Siber Saldırılara Karşı Kuvvet Kullanma. TBB Dergisi, (107), pp.200-220.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2022 Siber Politikalar Dergisi
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıtır.